Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels can alter ecologically important behaviors in a range
of marine invertebrate taxa; however, a clear mechanistic understanding of these behavioral …

Widespread contamination of coastal environments by emerging compounds includes low
concentrations of pharmaceuticals. These pollutants are not currently incorporated in …

Sea urchin mesenchyme is composed of the large micromere-derived spiculogenetic
primary mesenchyme cells (PMC), veg2-tier macromere-derived non-spiculogenetic …

In the sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra, the competent larvae require main settlement
organs (SOs), including the ciliary bands (CiBs), tentacles (Ts), podia (PDs), and cues from …

Pharmaceuticals found in human wastes are emergent pollutants that are continuously
released into aquatic systems. While exposure to pharmaceuticals alone could adversely …

Larval development, especially settlement and metamorphosis, has a vital influence on
commercial culture during the life cycle of marine invertebrates. Sipunculus nudus, a peanut …

Larvae represent a distinct life history stage in which animal morphology and behavior
contrast strongly to adult organisms. This life history stage is a ubiquitous aspect of animal …

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), a rate-limiting enzyme to catalyze the reaction
converting the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate to inhibitory neurotransmitter γ …

Psychotropic drugs and benzodiazepines are nowadays among the primary substances of
abuse. This results in a large and constant release into aquatic environments where they …

The sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra, is a high-value economic animal in Thailand for local
consumption and exportation. One major drawback in aquaculture of this species is that their …