Organisms in polluted environments are typically exposed to a complex mixture of chemical
contaminants. The great concern about the health of aquatic ecosystems has led to the …

In the beginning of the twenty first century, the International Program on Chemical Safety
published a document entitled Global Assessment of the State-Of-The-Science of Endocrine …

The input of organotin compounds (OTs) in marine coastal environments such as estuarine
systems has been of great concern in recent decades, particularly because of their wide use …

Nowadays, we live in a global interdependence time, without precedents, in which the
national boundaries do not represent significant barriers to the trade between nations …

Imposex, an endocrine disruption phenomenon, is a biomarker of tributyltin (TBT) exposure
in marine gastropod populations. The occurrence and intensity of the syndrome in …

The presence of plastic debris in the marine environment has reached massive levels in the
past decades. In marine environments, microplastics can exist for hundreds of years and the …

Some organotin compounds, such as TBT, are endocrine disruptors and harm marine
ecosystems. Even after the global ban on organotins, increasing imposex levels have been …

This study represents the first use of Leucozonia nassa (Mollusca-Gastropoda) in a program
of long-term monitoring. Specimens of L. nassa were collected between 2006 and 2014 and …

Levels of imposex (superimposition of male characters, upon females) and the presence of
sterile females are assessed in the gastropod Nassarius reticulatus (L.), at 35 locations in …

One of the human activities that introduce chemical substances in the marine environment is
the use of antifouling paints on ships hulls. Many formulations of these paints include …