HIV-1 remains a global health concern and to date, nearly 38 million people are living with
HIV. The complexity of HIV-1 pathogenesis and its subsequent prevalence is influenced by …

Contemporary antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens have high barriers to the development
of drug resistance. However, resistance to earlier antiretrovirals and uncommon cases of …

Although the significance of chemical modifications on RNA is acknowledged, the
evolutionary benefits and specific roles in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) replication …

Background Genotypic resistance testing (GRT) is routinely performed upon diagnosis of
HIV-1 infection or during virological failure using plasma viral RNA. An alternative source for …

Background The HIV viral protein R (Vpr) is a multifunction protein involved in the
pathophysiology of HIV‐1. Recent evidence has suggested that Vpr amino acid substitutions …

2014 marked the first emergence of avian influenza A (H5N8) in Jeonbuk Province, South
Korea, which then quickly spread worldwide. In the midst of the 2020–2021 H5N8 outbreak …

Drug research and development is a multidisciplinary field with its own successes. Yet,
given the complexity of the process, it also faces challenges over the long development …

Motivation Virus mutation is one of the most important research issues which plays a critical
role in disease progression and has prompted substantial scientific publications. Mutation …

This review outlines the effect of disease-causing mutations on proteins' thermodynamics.
Two major thermodynamics quantities, which are essential for structural integrity, the folding …

Src homology‐2 domain‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase‐2 (SHP2) is a key
regulatory factor in the cell cycle and its activating mutations play an important role in the …