Algorithms for noise removal are either complex or ineffective, and the optimal control with
inequality constrains makes the algorithm even more complex. Now the condition is …

Digital image has a significant importance in many fields in human life such as, in medicine,
photography, biology, astronomy, industry and defense. Thus, it attracts the attention of large …

The technology for multiple-noise removal has triggered skyrocketing interest in both
mathematics and engineering, and the tropical algebra has laid the foundation for an …

This paper proposes a fractal modification of tropical algebra for noise removal and optimal
control. Fractal addition, fractal multiplication, and fractal dot product are defined and …

The use of images has increased over the previous decade and they have the potential to
be effective communication tools, similar to social media. In this technological era, uploading …

The digital image is one of the discoveries that play an important role in various aspects of
modern human life. These findings are useful in various fields, including defense (military …

Background: Images are extensively utilized in fields such as engineering, health, and
defense. During transmission, these images often lose quality due to noise interference …

Advances in technology have made it easier to share media over the Internet. In the process
of media sharing, a media may receive noise or interference that results in loss of …

The digitization process can cause misinformation in the digital image. The distortion of
information in a digital image is called noise, this condition causes visual damage to the …

The accurate approximation of pixel value for preserving image details at a high
concentration of noise has led the researchers to improve filters performance. A few image …