Obesity is among the most common and costly chronic disorders worldwide. Estimates
suggest that in the United States obesity affects one-third of adults, accounts for up to one …

The steep rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated complications go along
with mounting evidence of clinically important sex and gender differences. T2DM is more …

Several metabolic alterations accumulate over time along with a reduction in biological
fitness, suggesting the existence of a" metabolic clock" that controls aging. Multiple inborn …

Ever since the brain was identified as an insulin-sensitive organ, evidence has rapidly
accumulated that insulin action in the brain produces multiple behavioral and metabolic …

Over the last years, hypothalamic inflammation has been linked to the development and
progression of obesity and its sequelae. There is accumulating evidence that this …

One explanation for the increased incidence of allergies, asthma, and even some
autoimmune diseases has been the hygiene hypothesis. However, recent studies also …

Hypothalamic AgRP and POMC neurons are conventionally viewed as the yin and yang of
the body's energy status, since they act in an opposite manner to modulate appetite and …

Background The early life environment experienced by an individual in utero and during the
neonatal period is a major factor in shaping later life disease risk-including susceptibility to …

Systemic metabolism has to be constantly adjusted to the variance of food intake and even
be prepared for anticipated changes in nutrient availability. Therefore, the brain integrates …

Insulin acts on the CNS to modulate behaviour and systemic metabolism. Disturbances in
brain insulin action represent a possible link between metabolic and cognitive health …