Responsible sourcing of mineral inputs to manufactured goods is a significant problem in
today's world. Ill-sourced minerals not only finance terrorism, human trafficking, and other …

Growing public interest in getting information on the origin of raw materials used to
manufacture goods for daily life has triggered the development of concepts to increase the …

There is growing interest in developing methods to deduce the geographic origin of
diamonds. Most approaches have focused on trace elements within diamonds, which can be …

As the gem trade has evolved, origin information has become a major consideration in
nephrite commerce, affecting the price heavily. Accurate origin determination of nephrite is …

Ruby (red corundum) is one of the most prominent colored gemstones in the world. The
highest-quality ruby (“pigeon blood” ruby) comes from marbles of the Mogok Stone Tract in …

Most pink-to-red spinel that is currently available on the global gem market originates from
moderate-to high-grade metamorphic rocks. For this study, we characterised 60 such spinels …

Primary rubies in the Ailao Shan of Yunnan Province, China, are found in three layers of
marble. However, the origin and source rocks of placer rubies in the Yuanjiang area remains …

The Penglai sapphires are mainly hosted in alkaline basalts and derived in alluvial
sediments. Previous studies have investigated the formation of the Penglai sapphires; …

A novel type of corundum host environment is described from the Thompson Mine, northern
Manitoba, where corundum occurs within a high-grade metamorphic reaction zone between …

Miaskite-pegmatite of mine no. 210 exhibits an unusual mineral composition for the Ilmeny
Mountains. It contains a significant amount of sapphire-like corundum (uncommon of …