The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function,
regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also …

The dopaminergic system plays important roles in neuromodulation, such as motor control,
motivation, reward, cognitive function, maternal, and reproductive behaviors. Dopamine is a …

Abstract Modafinil (2-[(Diphenylmethyl) sulfinyl] acetamide, Provigil) is an FDA-approved
medication with wake-promoting properties. Pre-clinical studies of modafinil suggest a …

α1-adrenergic receptors are G-Protein Coupled Receptors that are involved in
neurotransmission and regulate the sympathetic nervous system through binding and …

Recent evidence suggests that dopamine plays an important role in arousal, but the location
of the dopaminergic neurons that may regulate arousal remains unclear. It is sometimes …

Endogenous opioid peptides and prescription opioid drugs modulate pain, anxiety and
stress by activating opioid receptors, currently classified into four subtypes. Here we …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a hub for cognitive control, and dopamine profoundly
influences its functions. In other brain regions, astrocytes sense diverse neurotransmitters …

Mounting evidence indicates that, besides their well-known hormonal mode of action at the
genetic level, estrogens such as 17β-estradiol also influence brain function by direct effects …

Estrogens exert a wide variety of actions on reproductive and non-reproductive functions.
These effects are mediated by slow and long lasting genomic as well as rapid and transient …

The role of dopaminergic systems in the control of sexual behavior has been a subject of
study for at least 40 years. Not surprisingly, reviews of the area have been published at …