The plant basal immune system can detect broadly present m icrobe-a ssociated m olecular
p atterns (MAMPs, also called PAMPs) and induce defenses, but adapted microbes express …

Quantitative resistance (QR) refers to a resistance that is phenotypically incomplete and is
based on the joined effect of several genes, each contributing quantitatively to the level of …

Modern agriculture and conventional breeding and the liberal use of high inputs has
resulted in the loss of genetic diversity and the stagnation of yields in cereals in less …

Yield stability of legume crops is constrained by a number of pest and diseases. Major
diseases are rusts, powdery and downy mildews, ascochyta blights, botrytis gray molds …

Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. It is also one of the most
globally traded commodities. Coffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by the biotrophic fungus …

Considerable success has been obtained in the use of classical breeding to control
economically important plant diseases, such as the coffee leaf rust and the coffee berry …

Nontyphoid salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica is the most common bacterial food-
borne illness in humans, and fresh produce, including tomatoes, is a common vehicle …

Currently, organic farmers largely depend on varieties supplied by conventional plant
breeders and developed for farming systems in which artificial fertilizers and agro-chemicals …

Wheat is one of the main sources of calories and protein of the world's population and
therefore the pathogens that cause rust diseases of the crop are a real threat to food …

A number of parasitic plants have become weeds, posing severe constraints to major crops
including grain legumes. Breeding for resistance is acknowledged as the major component …