With the advent of directed evolution techniques, protein engineering has received a fresh
impetus. Engineering proteins for thermostability is a particularly exciting and challenging …

Systematic approaches to directed evolution of proteins have been documented since the
1970s. The ability to recruit new protein functions arises from the considerable substrate …

This review describes the current state of biocatalysis in the chemical industry. Although we
recognize the advantages of chemical approaches, we suggest that the use of biological …

Directed evolution has become a powerful tool for developing enzyme and whole cell based
biocatalysts. Significant recent advances include the creation of novel enzyme functions and …

A cascade of hydantoinase, N-carbamoylase and hydantoinracemase can be used for the
production of natural and unnatural chiral d-and l-amino acids from chemically synthesized …

Abstract d-Amino acids exist widely in microbes, plants, animals, and food and can be
applied in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics. Because of their widespread applications in …

Industrial production of antibiotics, such as semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins,
requires optically pure dp-hydroxylphenylglycine and its derivatives as important side-chain …

In a mediator-aided microbial fuel cell, the choice of a proper mediator is one of the most
important factors for the development of a better fuel cell system as it transfers electrons from …

The rapid expansion of the field of biotechnology during the past decade has resulted in an
increase in the use of enzymes in biocatalytic processes. However, limited stability as well …

Directed evolution is a new process for developing industrially viable biocatalysts. This
technique does not require a comprehensive knowledge of the relationships between …