Macrophages are versatile immune cells with remarkable plasticity, enabling them to adapt
to diverse tissue microenvironments and perform various functions. Traditionally categorized …

The interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) is a member of serine-threonine
kinase family, which plays an important role in the regulation of interleukin-1 receptors (IL …

Innate immune pattern recognition receptors, such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are key
mediators of the immune response to infection and central to our understanding of health …

The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1R) families are of paramount
importance in coordinating the early immune response to pathogens. Signaling via most …

The development of novel drug modalities is necessary to overcome the current critical
issues in the treatment of cancer, namely toxicity, insufficient efficacy, and the development …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin, is a component of the membrane of
gram-negative bacteria and a well-recognized marker of sepsis. In case of disruption of the …

Context Our previous studies have found that total flavonoid of Alpinia officinarum Hance
(Zingiberaceae)(F. AOH) had protective effects on gastric ulcer (GU). Objective To …

Obesity and chronic low-grade inflammation, often occurring together, significantly
contribute to severe metabolic and inflammatory conditions like type 2 diabetes (T2D) …

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy to treat cancer patients.
Among the wide range of immunological approaches, cancer vaccines have been …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation,
demyelination, and neurodegeneration, resulting in significant disability and reduced quality …