P-glycoprotein (also known as multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) or ATP-binding
cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1) plays a crucial role in determining response …

Chemotherapeutics are the most effective treatment for metastatic tumours. However, the
ability of cancer cells to become simultaneously resistant to different drugs—a trait known as …

▪ Abstract The design of cancer chemotherapy has become increasingly sophisticated, yet
there is no cancer treatment that is 100% effective against disseminated cancer. Resistance …

Many tumor cells become resistant to commonly used cytotoxic drugs due to the
overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, namely P-glycoprotein (P-gp) …

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by an increase in the number of myeloid
cells in the marrow and an arrest in their maturation, frequently resulting in hematopoietic …

Bilirubin, a breakdown product of heme, is normally glucuronidated and excreted by the liver
into bile. Failure of this system can lead to a buildup of conjugated bilirubin in the blood …

Abstract Learning Objectives After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss
the function of ABC transporters. Outline the levels of expression of MDR in tumors …

Compared with younger patients, elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
respond poorly to conventional chemotherapy. To determine if this poor response is due to …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major impediment to the success of cancer chemotherapy. P-
glycoprotein is an important and the best-known membrane transporter involved in MDR …

Therapeutic resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Such resistance has been associated with rapid drug efflux mediated by the multidrug …