Lumbar epidural is the most effective form of pain relief in labor with around 30% of laboring
women in the UK and 60% in the USA receiving epidural analgesia. Associations of epidural …

Background The reproductive hormone oxytocin facilitates labour, birth and postpartum
adaptations for women and newborns. Synthetic oxytocin is commonly given to induce or …

Background Preterm birth is the leading cause of child mortality globally, with many
survivors experiencing long-term adverse consequences. Preliminary evidence suggests …

Gaslighting is a type of abuse aimed at making victims question their sanity as well as the
veracity and legitimacy of their own perspectives and feelings. In this article, we show how …

There is evidence that ethnic inequalities exist in maternity care in the UK, but those
specifically in relation to UK obstetric anaesthetic care have not been investigated before …

Unconsented episiotomies and other procedures during labour are commonly reported by
women in several countries, and often highlighted in birth activism. Yet, forced caesarean …

Importance A recent cohort study found that epidural analgesia during labor was associated
with an increased risk of autism in offspring. Objective To investigate if labor epidural …

Background The risk of perinatal death and severe neonatal morbidity increases gradually
after 41 weeks of pregnancy. Several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have assessed if …

Epidural analgesia is an important means of pain control during labor throughout the world.
Over its historic development, it has been implicated in several undesirable outcomes …

Socio‐economic deprivation is associated with adverse maternal and childhood outcomes.
Epidural analgesia, the gold standard for labour analgesia, may improve maternal well …