The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. The vast
genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile and vital proteins involved in a wide
array of physiological processes and responses, such as sensory perception (eg, vision …

The Janus kinase-signal transducer and transcription activator pathway (JAK-STAT) serves
as a cornerstone in cellular signaling, regulating physiological and pathological processes …

Histamine performs dual roles as an immune regulator and a neurotransmitter in the
mammalian brain. The histaminergic system plays a vital role in the regulation of …

Pain is estimated to affect more than 20% of the global population, imposing incalculable
health and economic burdens. Effective pain management is crucial for individuals suffering …

Modular proteins are regulatory proteins that carry out more than one function. These
proteins upregulate or downregulate a biochemical cascade to establish homeostasis in …

Contemporary research has convincingly demonstrated that upregulation of G protein-
coupled receptor 183 (GPR183), orchestrated by its endogenous agonist, 7α, 25 …

In the field of neuroscience, significant progress has been made regarding how the brain
processes information. Unlike computer processors, the brain comprises neurons and …

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused due to a
CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. The primary symptoms of HD include …

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an intracellular second messenger that is
derived from the conversion of adenosine triphosphate catalysed by adenylyl cyclase (AC) …