The molecular mechanisms of cellular insulin action have been the focus of much
investigation since the discovery of the hormone 100 years ago. Insulin action is impaired in …

Cells modulate their activities in response to signals from their surrounding environment.
Single cell organisms respond mainly to nutrient cues, many of which are able to cross the …

Mutations that decrease or increase the activity of the tyrosine phosphatase, SHP2 (encoded
by PTPN11), promotes developmental disorders and several malignancies by varying …

The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin signals the status of body energy stores by activating
the long form of the leptin receptor (LRb). Activation of LRb results in the activation of the …

Abstract Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibits T cell responses. This function relies on
interaction with SHP-2. PD-1 has one immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) …

I. Introduction IN THE fasted state, glucose homeostasis depends upon the balance between
hepatic glucose production and glucose utilization by the major insulin-dependent tissues …

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) is a 130-kD member of the
immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily that is expressed on the surface of circulating platelets …

New molecules discovered during the past ten years have created a rational framework to
understand signalling transduction by a broad range of growth factors and cytokines …

During the past few years, the insulin signalling system has emerged as a flexible network of
interacting proteins. By utilizing the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-proteins (IRS-1 and IRS …

Protein-tyrosyl phosphorylation, regulated by protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine
phosphatases (PTPs), is a key cellular control mechanism. Until recently, little was known …