The rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including strains that are resistant to last-resort
antibiotics, and the limited ability of antibiotics to eradicate biofilms have necessitated the …

Colonic drug delivery can facilitate access to unique therapeutic targets and has the
potential to enhance drug bioavailability whilst reducing off-target effects. Delivering drugs to …

Gut microbes are closely associated with most human health. When ingested orally,
probiotics can effectively regulate the composition and quantity of human intestinal …

The oral route is by far the most common route of drug administration in the gastrointestinal
tract and can be used for both systemic drug delivery and for treating local gastrointestinal …

The oral route is the most preferred route for systemic and local drug delivery. However, the
oral drug delivery system faces the harsh physiological and physicochemical environment of …

Three dimensional (3D) printing as an advanced manufacturing technology is progressing to
be established in the pharmaceutical industry to overcome the traditional manufacturing …

Three-dimensional printing includes a wide variety of manufacturing techniques, which are
all based on digitally-controlled depositing of materials (layer-by-layer) to create freeform …

The interindividual variability is an increasingly global problem when treating patients from
different backgrounds with diverse customs, metabolism, and necessities. Dose adjustment …

The oral route is a preferred method of drug administration, though achieving effective drug
delivery and minimizing off-target side effects is often challenging. Formulation into …

Biodegradable polymers have played an important role in the delivery of drugs in a
controlled and targeted manner. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is one of the extensively …