Exosomes are cell-secreted nanoparticles (generally with a size of 30–150 nm) bearing
numerous biological molecules including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, which are …

Adenoviral vectors are a safe and potently immunogenic vaccine delivery platform. Non-
replicating Ad vectors possess several attributes which make them attractive vaccines for …

The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) threaten the effectiveness of current
COVID-19 vaccines administered intramuscularly and designed to only target the spike …

Seasonal influenza viruses constantly change through antigenic drift and the emergence of
pandemic influenza viruses through antigenic shift is unpredictable. Conventional influenza …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have potential in disease treatment since they can be loaded
with therapeutic molecules and engineered for retention by specific tissues. However …

In addition to their hemostatic role, platelets play a significant role in immunity. Once
activated, platelets release extracellular vesicles (EVs) formed by the budding of their …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-bound vesicles that are naturally released by cells,
have emerged as new therapeutic opportunities. EVs, particularly exosomes and …

Zoonotic viruses continually pose a pandemic threat. Infection of humans with viruses for
which we typically have little or no prior immunity can result in epidemics with high morbidity …

The underlying cause of cancer is genetic disruption, so gene editing technologies,
particularly CRISPR/Cas systems can be used to go against cancer. The field of gene …

The hunt for effective vaccines against the major helminth diseases of humans has yet to
bear fruit despite much effort over several decades. No individual parasite antigen has …