Abstract The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved signal
transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, cell growth, and cell …

The immune-inflammatory response is associated with increased nitro-oxidative stress. The
aim of this mechanistic review is to examine:(a) the role of redox-sensitive transcription …

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a novel cancer treatment, although recent
immunotherapy trials have produced suboptimal outcomes, with durable responses seen …

Background: Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play significant roles in atherosclerosis via
phenotypic switching, a pathological process in which SMC dedifferentiation, migration, and …

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that drives the
generation of myeloid cell subsets including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and …

Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of immune cells playing several and diverse
functions in homeostatic and immune responses. The broad spectrum of macrophage …

Exosomes have a crucial role in intercellular communication and mediate interactions
between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Exosome-encapsulated …

Macrophages play an important role in tissue homeostasis, tissue remodeling, immune
response, and progression of cancer. Consequently, macrophages exhibit significant …

Background After surgery, wound recovery in diabetic patients may be disrupted due to
delayed inflammation, which can lead to undesired consequences, and there is currently a …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in
the world. Metabolic reprogramming is considered a new hallmark of cancer, but it remains …