Many drugs are being administered to tackle coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
pandemic situations without establishing clinical effectiveness or tailoring safety. A …

The HIV type‐1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, efavirenz, is widely used to
treat HIV type‐1 infection. Efavirenz is predominantly metabolized into inactive metabolites …

Several barriers present challenges to implementing pharmacogenomics into practice. This
review will provide an overview of the current pharmacogenomics practices and research in …

Efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been associated with dyslipidemia and
dysglycemia, risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, the pathogenesis is not well …

Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is commonly used for controlling opioid
dependence, preventing withdrawal symptoms, and improving the quality of life of heroin …

Background Antiretroviral treatment is highly effective in enhancing HIV-positive patients'
survival and quality of life. Despite an increased tolerability in recent years, a substantial …

Background Efavirenz primary metabolism is catalysed by CYP2B6 with minor involvement
of CYP2A6. Subsequently, phase I metabolites are conjugated by UGT2B7, and constitutive …

Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are a group of monooxygenases that can be found in almost all
kinds of organisms. For CYPs to receive electrons from co-substrate NADPH, the activity of …

The liver plays a pivotal role in drug handling due to its contribution to the processes of
detoxification (phases 0 to 3). In addition, the liver is also an essential organ for the …

Comprehensive information on the effects of cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)
polymorphisms, clinical factors, and drug-drug interactions on efavirenz concentrations in …