The growth of phytoplankton at high latitudes was generally thought to begin in open waters
of the marginal ice zone once the highly reflective sea ice retreats in spring, solar elevation …

Abstract The Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) of the Arctic Ocean is changing rapidly due to a
warming Arctic climate with commensurate reductions in sea ice extent and thickness. This …

Arctic sea ice has declined and become thinner and younger (more seasonal) during the
last decade. One consequence of this is that the surface energy budget of the Arctic Ocean …

The Arctic climate system includes numerous highly interactive small-scale physical
processes in the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. During and since the International Polar …

It has been common practice in scientific studies to assume negligible phytoplankton
production when the ocean is ice-covered, due to the strong light attenuation properties of …

The large declines in Arctic sea-ice age and extent over the last decades could have altered
the diversity of sea-ice associated unicellular eukaryotes (referred to as sea-ice protists). A …

Arctic sea ice is experiencing a shorter growth season and an earlier ice melt onset. The
significance of spring microalgal blooms taking place prior to sea ice breakup is the subject …

Many of the processes that make sea ice such an important aspect of the polar oceans occur
at small scales, ranging from the sub‐millimetre to the metre scale. An understanding of how …

Melt ponds contribute to the ice‐albedo feedback as they reduce the surface albedo of sea
ice, and hence accelerate the decay of Arctic sea ice. Here, we analyze the melt pond …

Seasonal sea ice is an important feature in Svalbard fjords for both the physical environment
and the ecosystem. Systematic sea-ice monitoring in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, as a part of a …