PURPOSE: The criminal career paradigm is a major research focus in criminology, and the
current state-of-the-art review explicates research published between 2000 and 2011 …

Objectives To determine whether membership in youth gangs provides a unique social
forum for violence amplification. This study examines whether gang membership increases …

Employers would prefer not to hire people who will engage in criminal behavior for which
the employer incurs costs. In the United States, employers are allowed to use publicly …

Objectives Prison visitation serves as a critical setting by which prison life intersects with
civilian life. Yet, visitation research has produced conflicting findings. Using social support …

Objectives Research indicates that victims who make changes to their risky behavioral
routines are better able to avoid being victimized again in the future. Nevertheless, some …

Much of the knowledge base on offense specialization indicates that, although there is some
(short-term) specialization, it exists amidst much versatility in offending. Yet this general …

In prior tests of Beckerian rational choice theory, the notion that individuals are responsive to
the (dis) incentives associated with crime has been supported. Much of this research has …

This study tests the extent to which an adherence to the subculture of violence uniquely
predicts a tendency to favor violence or instead predicts a more generalized offending …

Through a novel data set comprising the criminal records of 11,138 convicted mafia
offenders, we compute criminal career parameters and trajectories through group-based …

The consistent and robust relationship between peers and frequency of offending is often
cited as evidence that friends play an important role in adolescent behavioral tendencies …