Background: Chronic axial spinal pain is one of the major causes of significant disability and
health care costs, with facet joints as one of the proven causes of pain. Objective: To provide …

The purpose of this comprehensive review is to describe various aspects of crisis of opioid
use in the United States. The obstacles that must be surmounted are primarily inappropriate …

Chronic pain and prescription opioid abuse are extremely prevalent both in this country and
worldwide. Consequences of opioid misuse can be life-threatening with significant morbidity …

OBJECTIVE: To develop evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for interventional
techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic spinal pain. METHODOLOGY …

As early as the 19th century, OIH was observed in patients receiving morphine for pain. It
was recognized that a potent analgesic such as morphine could actually result in an …

Chronic pain is a pervasive problem that affects the patient, their significant others, and
society in many ways. The past decade has seen advances in our understanding of the …

10, 30, 34, 39, 41-43, 61, 71-73, 77, 78). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), diagnostic criteria for substance abuse include …

Discogenic low back pain is a serious medical and social problem, and accounts for 26%-
42% of the patients with chronic low back pain. Recent studies found that the pathologic …

The authors stated there was good evidence for transforaminal epidural injections for
chronic low back and lower extremity pain caused by disc herniation with radiculitis; the …

Introduction Painful lumbar spinal disorders represent a leading cause of disability in the US
and worldwide. Interventional treatments for lumbar disorders are an effective treatment for …