Cancer has been one of the most common life‐threatening diseases for a long time.
Traditional cancer therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy (CT), and radiotherapy (RT) …

Cancer cells alter metabolic processes to sustain their characteristic uncontrolled growth
and proliferation. These metabolic alterations include (1) a shift from oxidative …

The major challenges of immunotherapy for glioblastoma are that drugs cannot target tumor
sites accurately and properly activate complex immune responses. Herein, we design and …

Most solid tumor cells adapt to their heterogeneous microenvironment by depending largely
on aerobic glycolysis for energy production, a phenomenon called the Warburg effect, which …

Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) permeates a variety of diseases and is a ubiquitous
concern in every transplantation proceeding, from whole organs to modest grafts. Given its …

Immune cells function in diverse metabolic environments. Tissues with low glucose and high
lactate concentrations, such as the intestinal tract or ischemic tissues, frequently require …

Microglial cells consume adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during phagocytosis to clear
neurotoxic β-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the contribution of energy …

At present, radiotherapy (RT) still acquires limited success in clinical due to the lessened
DNA damage under hypoxia and acquired immune tolerance owing to the amplified …

Cancer cells have upregulated glycolysis compared with normal cells, which has led many
to the assumption that oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is downregulated in all cancers …

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that have essential metabolic activity and are
regarded as signalling hubs with biosynthetic, bioenergetics and signalling functions that …