One of the most unique physical features of cell adhesion to external surfaces is the active
generation of mechanical force at the cell-material interface. This includes pulling forces …

Cells generate mechanical forces (traction forces, TFs) while interacting with the
extracellular matrix or neighbouring cells. Forces are generated by both cells and …

In this paper we present an overview of agent-based models that are used to simulate
mechanical and physiological phenomena in cells and tissues, and we discuss underlying …

Cell–cell communication, which enables cells to coordinate their activity and is essential for
growth, development and function, is usually ascribed a chemical or electrical origin …

Cell-based biohybrid actuators are integrated systems that use biological components
including proteins and cells to power material components by converting chemical energy to …

According to the Chinese yin-yang concept, seemingly opposing forces give rise and
respond to each other. Opposing forces, whether passive or active, are also at work when …

Biological cells sense and respond to mechanical forces, but how such a mechanosensing
process takes place in a nonlinear inhomogeneous fibrous matrix remains unknown. We …

An introduction to the physical properties of living active matter at the mesoscopic scale
(tens of nanometers to micrometers) and their unique features compared with “dead,” …

Communication between cells enables them to coordinate their activity and is crucial for the
differentiation, development, and function of tissues and multicellular organisms. Cell-cell …

Electrically excitable cells such as neurons transmit long-distance calcium or electrical
signals to regulate their physiological functions. While the molecular underpinnings and …