Microbial communities are spatially organized in both the environment and the human body.
Although patterns exhibited by these communities are described by microbial biogeography …

The concept of a fuel cell dates back to 1839, from independent studies by Grove and
Schoenbein. 1, 2 Like a battery, a fuel cell is a device for obtaining electrical energy directly …

Objective Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Neuroprotective
approaches have failed in clinical trials, thus warranting therapeutic innovations with …

Isoprenoid quinones are one of the most important groups of compounds occurring in
membranes of living organisms. These compounds are composed of a hydrophilic head …

The electron-transport chains of Escherichia coli are composed of many different
dehydrogenases and terminal reductases (or oxidases) which are linked by quinones …

Nitrite is widely used by bacteria as an electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions. In
respiratory nitrite ammonification an electrochemical proton potential across the membrane …

Neutral red (NR) functioned as an electronophore or electron channel enabling either cells
or membranes purified from Actinobacillus succinogenes to drive electron transfer and …

The benzoquinone ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) and the naphthoquinones menaquinone
(vitamin K 2) and demethylmenaquinone are derived from the shikimate pathway, which has …

Over the past two decades, prominent importance of molybdenum-containing enzymes in
prokaryotes has been put forward by studies originating from different fields. Proteomic or …

Escherichia coli contains a versatile respiratory chain that oxidizes 10 different electron
donor substrates and transfers the electrons to terminal reductases or oxidases for the …