MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with the capability of modulating gene
expression at the post-transcriptional level either by inhibiting messenger RNA (mRNA) …

Currently, more than 170 modifications have been identified on RNA. Among these RNA
modifications, various methylations account for two-thirds of total cases and exist on almost …

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) convert adenosine to inosine in double-
stranded RNA. This A-to-I editing occurs not only in protein-coding regions of mRNAs, but …

The emergence of microRNAs has been one of the defining developments in cancer biology
over the past decade, and the explosion of knowledge in this area has brought forward new …

Malignant neoplasms are consistently among the top four leading causes of death in all age
groups in the United States, despite a concerted effort toward developing novel therapeutic …

Codon optimization describes gene engineering approaches that use synonymous codon
changes to increase protein production. Applications for codon optimization include …

Posttranscriptionally modified nucleosides in RNA play integral roles in the cellular control of
biological information that is encoded in DNA. The modifications of RNA span all three …

microRNAs (miRNAs) are non coding RNAs with different biological functions and
pathological implications. Given their role as post-transcriptional gene expression …

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed as a result of non-enzymatic reaction
between the free reducing sugars and proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. AGEs are …

Hypoxia, or low oxygen tension, is a unique environmental stress that induces global
changes in a complex regulatory network of transcription factors and signaling proteins to …