Objective The aim of this study was to review systematically the available evidence on
studies in humans on the effects of low–moderate levels of prenatal alcohol consumption …

Offspring of mothers using ethanol during pregnancy are known to suffer from
developmental delays and/or a variety of behavioral changes. Ethanol, may affect the …

WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Page 1 W H O STEP S Surveillance M anual
The WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance Page 2 WHO …

Alcohol has long been known as a risk factor for disease. The 1990 Global Burden of
Disease (GBD) study (Murray and Lopez 1996a, 1996b) identified alcohol as one of the …

This reference presents entries on more than 3,100 agents that can cause birth defects,
including chemicals, drugs, physical factors, gene mutations, and viruses. Approximately …

This thoroughly revised and updated reference addresses the drugs and chemicals causing
malformations and congenital anomalies in the human fetus-comprehensively reviewing …

In support of the 2005 update of the US Department of Agriculture/US Department of Health
and Human Services Dietary Guidelines, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and …

In Australia the issue of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) has not been the subject of policy
development or of extensive research. There is a lack of knowledge, both in the general …

Depression during pregnancy is common, affecting an estimated 20% of women. However,
conflicting data exist concerning the outcomes of this disorder. Thus, we reviewed studies …

Objective: To conduct an overview of alcohol-related health consequences and to estimate
relative risk for chronic consequences and attributable fractions for acute consequences …