The brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are a group of multicellular heterokonts that are
ubiquitous in today's oceans. Large brown algae from multiple orders are the foundation to …

Sexual eukaryotic organisms are characterized by an alternation between haploid and
diploid phases. In vascular plants and animals, somatic growth and development occur …

The coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi is one of the most successful eukaryotes in modern
oceans. The two phases in its haplodiploid life cycle exhibit radically different phenotypes …

Rhodophyta (or red algae) are a diverse and species‐rich group that forms one of three
major lineages in the Archaeplastida, a eukaryotic supergroup whose plastids arose from a …

The extent of changes in genetic diversity and life-history traits associated with farming was
investigated in the haploid–diploid red alga, Gracilaria chilensis, cultivated in Chile. This …

Despite numerous investigations, the number and role of morphotypes involved in the life
cycle of Phaeocystis species remain under debate. This is partly due to the application of …

Abstract Knowledge of life cycle progression and reproduction of seaweeds transcends pure
academic interest. Successful and sustainable seaweed exploitation and domestication will …

Sexual eukaryotes undergo an alternation between haploid and diploid nuclear phases. In
some organisms, both the haploid and diploid phases undergo somatic development and …

A wide variety of life cycles can be found in the different groups of multicellular eukaryotes.
Here we provide an overview of this variety, and review some of the theoretical arguments …

Background Eukaryotes are classified as either haplontic, diplontic, or haplo-diplontic,
depending on which ploidy levels undergo mitotic cell division in the life cycle. Emiliania …