Considerable progress has been made in recent years in the structural and molecular
biology of type IV secretion systems in Gram-negative bacteria. The latest advances have …

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a functionally diverse translocation
superfamily. They consist mainly of two large subfamilies:(i) conjugation systems that …

Legionella species are environmental gram-negative bacteria able to cause a severe form of
pneumonia in humans known as Legionnaires' disease. Since the identification of …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are versatile multiprotein nanomachines spanning the
entire cell envelope in Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. They play important …

Bacteria need to deliver large molecules out of the cytosol to the extracellular space or even
across membranes of neighboring cells to influence their environment, prevent predation …

Legionella pneumophila survives and replicates inside host cells by secreting~ 300 effectors
through the defective in organelle trafficking (Dot)/intracellular multiplication (Icm) type IVB …

Intravacuolar pathogens need to gradually expand their surrounding vacuole to
accommodate the growing number of bacterial offspring during intracellular replication. Here …

To prevail in the interaction with eukaryotic hosts, many bacterial pathogens use protein
secretion systems to release virulence factors at the host–pathogen interface and/or deliver …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are complex machines used by bacteria to deliver
protein and DNA complexes into target host cells,,,–. Conserved ATPases are essential for …

Peptidoglycan is a critical component of the bacteria cell envelope. Remodeling of the
peptidoglycan is required for numerous essential cellular processes and has been linked to …