Cholecystokinin (CCK) was discovered in 1928 in jejunal extracts as a gallbladder
contraction factor. It was later shown to be member of a peptide family, which are all ligands …

Cholecystokinin (CCK) has emerged as an important mammalian neuropeptide, localized in
peripheral organs and in the central nervous system. This review presents an overview of …

Background & Aims The enteric nervous system (ENS) coordinates essential intestinal
functions through the concerted action of diverse enteric neurons (ENs). However …

Clinical studies suggest that gut disorders are common in Parkinson's disease, but the
morphological basis is unknown. Depletion of dopamine-containing neurons in the central …

Capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons convey to the central nervous system signals
(chemical and physical) arising from viscera and the skin which activate a variety of …

Hökfelt T, Pernow B, Wahren J (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden). Substance P: a
pioneer amongst neuropeptides. J Intern Med 2001; 249: 27–40. A brief overview of recent …

The enteric nervous system is one of the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system,
the others being the sympathetic and parasympathetic. In contrast to the other divisions, it …

Opioids have been used for centuries as antidiarrhoeal drugs. In recent years, their
mechanism and sites of action in exerting their antidiarrhoeal effect have been studied …

The localization and distribution of somatostatin (growth hormone release-inhibiting
hormone; somatotropin release-inhibiting factor) have been studied with the indirect …

The preprotachykinin-A gene-derived peptides substance P and neurokinin (NK) A are
expressed in distinct neural pathways of the mammalian gut. When released from intrinsic …