As a particular type of artificial neural networks, self-organizing maps (SOMs) are trained
using an unsupervised, competitive learning to produce a low-dimensional, discretized …

The effects of rapid Arctic warming and ice loss on weather patterns in the Northern
Hemisphere is a topic of active research, lively scientific debate and high societal impact …

Abstract Changes in atmospheric circulation under increasing greenhouse gas
concentrations are important because of their implications for weather extremes and …

Rapid Arctic warming is hypothesized to favor an increased persistence of regional weather
patterns in the Northern Hemisphere (Francis & Vavrus, 2012). Persistent conditions can …

As cities continue to grow worldwide, policymakers and urban planners face the dual task of
meeting rising demand for essential services while ensuring that benefits accrue to their …

Northern Hemisphere midlatitude weather is strongly influenced by the polar jet stream
(PJS), which dictates the position of storm tracks; this influence also extends to weather …

The declining trend of Arctic September sea ice constitutes a significant change in the Arctic
climate system. Large year-to-year variations are superimposed on this sea–ice trend, with …

Currently there is a massive deployment of information and communication technologies in
modeling of advanced quantitative methods (optimization, stochastic and dynamic …

Abstract Background In the Chinese population, the middle-aged and older adults are the
two main segments that utilize a large portion of healthcare. With the fast growth of the two …

As urban populations grow worldwide, it becomes increasingly important to critically analyse
accessibility—the ease with which residents can reach key places or opportunities. The …