Neurons and glial cells are endowed with membranes that express a rich repertoire of ion
channels, transporters, and receptors. The constant flux of ions across the neuronal and glial …

Otolithic endorgans such as the saccule were thought to be strictly vestibular in amniotes
(reptiles, birds, and mammals), with little evidence supporting the auditory function found in …

Axonal connections are widely regarded as faithful transmitters of neuronal signals with
fixed delays. The reasoning behind this is that extracellular potentials caused by spikes …

Interaural time differences (ITDs) are a major cue for sound localization and change with
increasing head size. Since the barn owl's head width more than doubles in the month after …

Temporal analysis of sound is fundamental to auditory processing throughout the animal
kingdom. Echolocating bats are powerful models for investigating the underlying …

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, affecting over 65 million people worldwide.
Unfortunately, despite resective surgery, over 30% of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy …

The precise measurement of action potentials with high sensitivity and broad bandwidth is
crucial in neuroscience research. However, current electrode-based methods are limited by …

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is important for both clinical and basic auditory
research. It is a non-invasive measure of hearing function with millisecond-level precision …

Detection of interaural time differences (ITDs) is crucial for sound localization in most
vertebrates. The current view is that optimal computational strategies of ITD detection …

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is an acoustically evoked EEG potential that is an
important diagnostic tool for hearing loss, especially in newborns. The ABR originates from …