Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease of primarily premature infants
that results from an imbalance between lung injury and repair in the developing lung. BPD is …

Background Tobacco smoking and smoke exposure during pregnancy and childhood cause
considerable childhood morbidity and mortality. We did a systematic review and meta …

Introduction: Childhood respiratory illness is a major cause of morbidity and mortality
particularly in low and middle-income countries. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) …

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in
preterm infants. A key histopathological feature of BPD is stunted late lung development …

Background There is growing evidence that allergic rhinitis (AR) is associated with indoor
environmental factors, but their role in childhood AR during early life remains unclear …

The objective of lung development is to generate an organ of gas exchange that provides
both a thin gas diffusion barrier and a large gas diffusion surface area, which concomitantly …

Background The inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are
related multifactorial diseases. Their pathogenesis is influenced by each individual's …

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease of very-low-birth-
weight (VLBW) preterm infants, associated with arrested lung development and a need for …

Exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy has been associated with a series of adverse
reproductive outcomes; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well …

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common respiratory sequela of prematurity,
and infants born with fetal growth restriction (FGR) are disproportionately represented in …