The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic,
maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that …

Drug resistance represents a major obstacle in cancer management, and the mechanisms
underlying stress adaptation of cancer cells in response to therapy-induced hostile …

Mitochondria, ubiquitous double-membrane-bound organelles, regulate energy production,
support cellular activities, harbor metabolic pathways, and, paradoxically, mediate cell fate …

Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining
health. Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is …

No longer viewed as a metabolic waste product and cause of muscle fatigue, a
contemporary view incorporates the roles of lactate in metabolism, sensing and signaling in …

The mechanisms that explain mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and healthspan continue to
be studied, but one element has been unexplored: microproteins. Small open reading …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was initially thought to be associated with oxidative
stress when it was first linked to mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). The subsequent …

Exercise mimetics are a proposed class of therapeutics that specifically mimic or enhance
the therapeutic effects of exercise. Increased physical activity has demonstrated positive …

NRF2 (Nuclear factor E2 p45‐related factor 2) is a stress responsive transcription factor
lending cells resilience against oxidative, xenobiotic, and also nutrient or proteotoxic insults …

Mitokines are signaling molecules that enable communication of local mitochondrial stress
to other mitochondria in distant cells and tissues. Among those molecules are FGF21 …