Throughout the 20th century, the psychological literature has considered attention as being
primarily directed at the outside world. More recent theories conceive attention as also …

Most everyday tasks require shifting the focus of attention between sensory signals in the
external environment and internal contents in working memory. To date, shifts of attention …

Background and objectives Cognitive reserve (CR) is a property of the brain that allows for
better–than–expected cognitive performance relative to the degree of brain change over the …

The same visual input can serve as the target of perception or as a trigger for memory
retrieval depending on whether cognitive processing is externally oriented (perception) or …

Positive and negative affective states are respectively associated with optimistic and
pessimistic expectations regarding future reward. One mechanism that might underlie these …

In everyday tasks, our focus of attention shifts seamlessly between contents in the sensory
environment and internal memory representations. Yet, research has mainly considered …

Many memories contain overlapping features, causing them to compete. How do we
overcome memory competition to guide attention in complex environments? We …

Behaving adaptively requires selection of relevant memories and sensations and
suppression of competing ones. We hypothesized that these mechanisms are linked, such …

The ability to exert cognitive control is central to human brain function, facilitating goal-
directed task performance. However, humans exhibit limitations in the duration over which …

Meditation is an accessible mental practice associated with emotional regulation and well-
being. Loving-kindness meditation (LKM), a specific sub-type of meditative practice, involves …