During disease progression from primary towards metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), and in
particular bone metastases, the tumor microenvironment (TME) evolves in parallel with the …

The systemic spread of tumor cells is the ultimate cause of the majority of deaths from
cancer, yet few successful therapeutic strategies have emerged to specifically target …

Notch 1 to 4 receptors are important determinants of cell fate and function, and Notch
signaling plays an important role in skeletal development and bone remodeling. After direct …

The RAS–mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway has long been
viewed as an attractive pathway for anticancer therapies, based on its central role in …

Most cancer deaths are due to the development of metastases, hence the most important
improvements in morbidity and mortality will result from prevention (or elimination) of such …

Nearly every extracellular ligand that has been found to play a role in regulating bone
biology acts, at least in part, through MAPK pathways. Nevertheless, much remains to be …

The extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)–mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
pathway provides a major link between the cell surface and nucleus to control proliferation …

Numerous components and pathways are involved in the complex interplay between cancer
cells and their environment. The family of glycophosphoproteins comprising osteopontin …

Bone metastasis, or the development of secondary tumors within the bone of cancer
patients, is a debilitating and incurable disease. Despite its morbidity, the biology of bone …

Background: Recent evidence suggests that bone-related parameters are the main
prognostic factors for overall survival in advanced prostate cancer (PCa), with elevated …