The emergence of the World Wide Web, smartphones, and computers has transformed the
world and enabled individuals to engage in crimes in a multitude of new ways …

Objectives A survey of empirical research concerning the determinants of an individual's
perceptions of the risk of formal sanctions as a consequence of criminal behavior. The …

When asked why he robbed banks, Willie Sutton is famously said to have replied,'Because
that's where the money is'(Cocheo 1997). The question and its answer neatly pinpoint the …

Purpose Restrictive deterrence refers to the strategies offenders use to reduce their risk in
response to sanctions. It occurs when offenders reduce the frequency, severity, or duration …

This study displays the importance of anti-money laundering (AML) regulations among
prosumers in decentralized finance (DeFi) in establishing cybersecurity. With a game theory …

Internet crime has become increasingly dependent on the underground economy: a loose
federation of specialists selling capabilities, services, and resources explicitly tailored to the …

Despite recent growths in research exploring the nature and scope of the online illicit
marketplace, there has been a dearth of criminological inquiry examining both the …

Research examining offender risk reduction strategies within illicit markets focus primarily on
those operating in the real world for drugs and stolen goods. Few have considered the …

The concept of expertise applied to the criminal context assumes that offenders are driven
by the abilities to both maximize the payoffs and minimize the risks associated with the crime …

Research has found that many street offenders anticipate an early death, making them less
prone to delay gratification, more likely to discount the future costs of crime, and thus more …