▪ Abstract Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) is a protein complex that mediates
recruitment of ribosomes to mRNA. This event is the rate-limiting step for translation under …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that leads to the activation of
extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1 and-2 (ERK1 and ERK2) has a key role in the …

Cellular senescence is a potent tumor-suppressive mechanism that arrests cell proliferation
and has been linked to aging. However, studies of senescence have been impeded by the …

Cellular senescence suppresses cancer by forcing potentially oncogenic cells into a
permanent cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells also secrete growth factors, proteases, and …

The p38 MAP kinase plays a crucial role in regulating the production of proinflammatory
cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1. Blocking this kinase may offer an …

Contrary to previous dogmas, it is now well established that brain cells can produce
cytokines and chemokines, and can express adhesion molecules that enable an in situ …

A myriad of environmental and genetic factors, as well as the physiologic process of aging,
contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Neuroinflammation is and has been a …

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent chemotactic agent for endothelial
cells. Yet the signalling pathways that modulate the motogenic effects of VEGF in vascular …

Inflammatory mediators released during acute and chronic diseases activate multiple
intracellular signalling cascades including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) …

The receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) induces osteoclast differentiation from bone
marrow cells in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor. We found that …