Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central
nervous system afflicting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Neuroimmune …

The transcription factor NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2) triggers the first
line of homeostatic responses against a plethora of environmental or endogenous …

Novel insights from basic and translational studies are reshaping concepts of the
immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and understanding of the different inflammatory …

The adaptive immune system and associated inflammation are vital in surveillance and host
protection against internal and external threats, but can secondarily damage host tissues …

There is growing recognition that B cell contributions to normal immune responses extend
well beyond their potential to become antibody-producing cells, including roles at the innate …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the
progressive loss of axonal myelin in several areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that …

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was first described as a
growth factor that induces the differentiation and proliferation of myeloid progenitors in the …

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an effective treatment option for relapsing–remitting multiple
sclerosis (MS), but its therapeutic mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. A …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological immune-mediated disease leading
to disability in young adults. The outcome of the disease is unpredictable, and over time …

Cytokine dysregulation is a central driver of chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple
sclerosis (MS). Here, we sought to determine the characteristic cellular and cytokine …