Polysaccharides have attracted considerable attention in a broad range of applications in
recent years, which is due to their remarkable features such as biocompatibility …

This review discusses different forms of nanomaterials generated from chitosan and its
derivatives for controlled drug delivery. Nanomaterials are drug carriers with multiple …

Advances in nanoparticle (NP) production and demand for control over nanoscale systems
have had significant impact on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). NPs …

Low back pain (LBP) is a common disease that imposes a huge social and economic
burden on people. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) is often considered to be …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential alternatives for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in
the treatment of musculoskeletal degenerative diseases, including intervertebral disc …

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are modified solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) that retain
the characteristics of the SLN, improve drug stability and loading capacity, and prevent drug …

Numerous biopolymer-based functional composites have been developed for medical
applications. Poly (glutamic acid)(PGA) is an amino acid biopolymer that has recently …

Objective Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and nucleus pulposus (NP) cell
apoptosis are important contributors to the development and pathogenesis of intervertebral …

The inflammatory-associated factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor
necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are widely reported to be associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) …

Low back pain (LBP), frequently associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, is a
major public health concern. LBP is currently managed by pharmacological treatments and …