Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are emerging as key drivers of inflammation and
immunosuppression in chronic infection. Control of these infections requires IFN-I signaling; …

TRIM21 (Ro52/SSA1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase with key roles in immune host defence, signal
transduction, and possibly cell cycle regulation. It is also an autoantibody target in Sjögren's …

The response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been hampered
by lack of an effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) …

Multiple inhibitory molecules create a profoundly immunuosuppressive environment during
chronic viral infections in humans and mice. Therefore, eliciting effective immunity in this …

CD4 T cell responses are crucial to prevent and control viral infection; however, virus-
specific CD4 T cell activity is considered to be rapidly lost during many persistent viral …

Arenaviruses such as Lassa virus (LASV) can cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans.
As a major impediment to vaccine development, delayed and weak neutralizing antibody …

The role of Ab and B cells in preventing infection is established. In contrast, the role of B cell
responses in containing chronic infections remains poorly understood. IgG2a (IgG1 in …

Generating neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) is a major goal of many current HIV-1 vaccine
efforts. To be of practical value, these nAbs must be both potent and cross-reactive in order …

CD4 T cells play a critical role in regulating CD8 T-cell responses during chronic viral
infection. Several studies in animal models and humans have shown that the absence of …

Nucleoprotein (N) is an immunodominant antigen in many enveloped virus infections. While
the diagnostic value of anti‐N antibodies is clear, their role in immunity is not. This is …