The encoded biosynthesis of proteins provides the ultimate paradigm for high-fidelity
synthesis of long polymers of defined sequence and composition, but it is limited to …

Nature uses a limited, conservative set of amino acids to synthesize proteins. The ability to
genetically encode an expanded set of building blocks with new chemical and physical …

The ribosome is an ancient molecular fossil that provides a telescope to the origins of life.
Made from RNA and protein, the ribosome translates mRNA to coded protein in all living …

Peptides that contain β-amino acids display stable secondary structures, such as helices
and sheets, and are often referred to as foldamers. Cyclic β2, 3-amino acids (cβAAs), such …

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) dramatically enhance the capabilities of proteins.
They introduce new functionalities and dynamically control protein activity by modulating …

The central dogma processes of DNA replication, transcription, and translation are
responsible for the maintenance and expression of every gene in an organism. An …

Ribosome-mediated polymerization of backbone-extended monomers into polypeptides is
challenging due to their poor compatibility with the translation apparatus, which evolved to …

Genetic code reprogramming has enabled us to ribosomally incorporate various
nonproteinogenic amino acids (npAAs) into peptides in vitro. The repertoire of usable npAAs …

Herein we report a modular peptide ligation methodology that couples dioxazolones,
arylboronic acids, and acrylamides to construct amide bonds in a diastereoselective manner …

Orthogonal ribosomes are unnatural ribosomes that are directed towards orthogonal
messenger RNAs in Escherichia coli, through an altered version of the 16S ribosomal RNA …