Carbonatites are igneous rocks formed in the crust by fractional crystallization of carbonate-
rich parental melts that are mostly mantle derived. They dominantly consist of carbonate …

A hidden carbon cycle exists inside Earth. Every year, megatons of carbon disappear into
subduction zones, affecting atmospheric carbon dioxide and oxygen over Earth's history …

The redox state of Earth's convecting mantle, masked by the lithospheric plates and basaltic
magmatism of plate tectonics, is a key unknown in the evolutionary history of our planet …

Initially, it may seem extremely daunting to be sitting in front of several thousand carats of
small diamonds, knowing that the likelihood of finding a diamond with a meaningful …

Although deep carbon recycling plays an important role in the atmospheric CO2 budget and
climate changes through geological time, the precise mechanisms remain poorly …

Kimberlites are volcanic rocks enriched in CO2 and H2O and derive from the deepest-
sourced melts (up to 300 km) that reach Earth's surface. The mantle processes that generate …

Carbonate, the major carbon reservoir on Earth's surface, can enter into the mantle by
subduction. However, evidence for recycled surficial carbonates in the deep mantle is still …

Volatile elements (water, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, halogens, and noble gases) played an
essential role in the secular evolution of the solid Earth and emergence of life. Here we …

Subduction transports volatiles between Earth's mantle, crust, and atmosphere, ultimately
creating a habitable Earth. We use isotopes to track carbon from subduction to outgassing …

It is widely accepted that the lithosphere beneath the eastern portion of the North China
Craton (NCC) has suffered extensive thinning and destruction since the Mesozoic. The …