The four-dimensional nucleome (4DN) consortium studies the architecture of the genome
and the nucleus in space and time. We summarize progress by the consortium and highlight …

SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) protein complexes are an evolutionarily
conserved family of motor proteins that hold sister chromatids together and fold genomes …

Recent progress in whole-genome mapping and imaging technologies has enabled the
characterization of the spatial organization and folding of the genome in the nucleus. In …

Gene expression patterns in complex multicellular organisms are regulated by enhancers,
which communicate with their target gene promoters in three-dimensional (3D) chromatin …

Chromosomes in the eukaryotic nucleus are highly compacted. However, for many
functional processes, including transcription initiation, the pairwise motion of distal …

Access to DNA is a prerequisite to the execution of essential cellular processes that include
transcription, replication, chromosomal segregation, and DNA repair. How the proteins that …

Even when split into several chromosomes, DNA molecules that make up our genome are
too long to fit into the cell nuclei unless massively folded. Such folding must accommodate …

The intricacies of the 3D hierarchical organization of the genome have been approached by
many creative modeling studies. The specific model/simulation technique combination …

Cellular senescence, a persistent form of cell cycle arrest, has been linked to the formation
of heterochromatic foci, accompanied by additional concentric epigenetic layers. However …

Whether phase-separation is involved in the organization of the transcriptional machinery
and if it aids or inhibits the transcriptional process is a matter of intense debate. In this Mini …