Background Similar to many other animals, the honey bee Apis mellifera relies on a
beneficial gut microbiota for regulation of immune homeostasis. Honey bees exposed to …

MiRNAs are critical regulators of numerous physiological and pathological processes.
Ascosphaera apis exclusively infects bee larvae and causes chalkbrood disease. However …

Molluscan hemolymph is a unique kind of body fluid, which in many respects is analogous to
human blood, although there are several crucial differences. Here, for the first time, we …

Systemic glucose levels can be modulated with specific solar wavelengths that influence
mitochondrial metabolism. Mitochondrial respiration can be modulated using light that shifts …

Honeybee nests constructed without man-made wax foundation have significantly more
variability of cell widths/sizes than those in commercially-kept colonies. The effects of this …

A honey bee colony's ability to grow and develop is dependent on adequate nutrition. Bees
collect pollen from flowers as a source of protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals. The crude …

Objective Hemolymph plays many important roles in the physiology of an insect throughout
its lifetime; however, for small-bodied insects, studies are lacking because of the difficulties …

Currently several pyrethroids (eg, flumethrin and tau-fluvalinate) are used in apiculture
worldwide as acaricides/miticides. The long half-lives of pyrethroids in synthetic acaricides …

Simple Summary Pesticide exposure is a risk factor affecting insect immune response and
may participate in honeybee colony deaths. Changes in the immune response may hinder …

Featured Application Featured Application: Diagnostic techniques have been adapted to
better understand the health status of honeybees exposed to Varroa destructor over time …