The success of vaccines is dependent on the generation and maintenance of immunological
memory. The immune system can remember previously encountered pathogens, and …

The regulation of antibody production is linked to the generation and maintenance of
plasmablasts and plasma cells from their B cell precursors. Plasmablasts are the rapidly …

Humoral immunity depends on the germinal centre (GC) reaction during which somatically
mutated high-affinity memory B cells and plasma cells are generated. Recent studies have …

There is little insight into or agreement about the signals that control differentiation of
memory B cells (MBCs) and long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). By performing BrdU pulse …

Germinal centers (GCs) were described more than 125 years ago as compartments within
secondary lymphoid organs that contained mitotic cells. Since then, it has become clear that …

Pathogen exposure elicits production of high‐affinity antibodies stimulated by T follicular
helper (Tfh) cells in the germinal center reaction. Tfh cells provide both costimulation and …

Vaccines work largely by generating long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs), but knowledge of how
such cells are recruited is sparse. Although it is clear that LLPCs preferentially originate in …

Despite the importance of memory B cells in protection from reinfection, how such memory
cells are selected and generated during germinal-center (GC) reactions remains unclear …

Germinal centers (GCs) are sites of B cell proliferation, somatic hypermutation, and selection
of variants with improved affinity for antigen. Long-lived memory B cells and plasma cells are …

A hallmark of adaptive immune responses is the generation of long‐lived protection after
primary exposure to a pathogen. In humoral responses, this protection stems from a …