Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) are not very sensitive and specific
markers of kidney function in acute kidney injury (AKI) as they are influenced by many renal …

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the liver, interface
hepatitis (based on histologic examination), hypergammaglobulinemia, and production of …

abstract Protein therapeutics represent a diverse array of biologics including antibodies,
fusion proteins, and therapeutic replacement enzymes. Since their inception, they have …

Clinical studies demonstrate that acute renal failure (ARF) is associated with increased
mortality, which may be due to pulmonary complications. ARF may affect the lung via …

Introduction Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high mortality rates. New biomarkers
that can identify subjects with early AKI (before the increase in serum creatinine) are needed …

Although B cells play a pathogenic role in the initiation of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in NOD
mice, it is not known whether activated B cells can maintain tolerance and transfer protection …

Recently, we reported that oxidative stress decreases D1 receptor numbers and G protein
activation in renal proximal tubules (RPT), resulting in diminished natriuretic response to …

Background Serum cytokines are increased in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and
predict increased mortality. It is widely assumed that increased renal production of cytokines …

Abstract Introduction Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine that increases early in
the serum of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of this study was to determine …

The development of respiratory failure in patients with AKI is a particularly devastating
consequence that greatly increases patient mortality. When respiratory failure and AKI occur …