The redefinition of the SI unit of mass in terms of a fixed value of the Planck constant has
been made possible by the Kibble balance, previously known as the watt balance. Once the …

The magnet system is an essential component of the Kibble balance, a device that is used to
realize the unit of mass. It is the source of the magnetic flux, and its importance is captured in …

A precise instrument, called a watt balance, compares mechanical power measured in terms
of the meter, the second, and the kilogram to electrical power measured in terms of the volt …

In this paper we present the progress in development of a table-top version of the Kibble
balance under the name Planck-Balance 2 (PB2). The PB2 is developed as a collaboration …

A multicomponent self-calibrating force and torque sensor is presented. In this system, the
principle of a Kibble balance is adapted for the traceable force and torque measurement in …

Permanent magnets together with yokes to concentrate the magnetic flux into a cylindrical
air gap are widely employed in Kibble balances. These experiments require a uniform …

Analytically the force acting on a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field can be calculated in
two ways. First, a line integral can be conducted along the coil's wire, summing up the …

The force transducer converts the magnitude of a force into an associated electrical signal,
detecting mechanical quantities such as tension, pressure, weight, torque, strain, and …

Yoke-based permanent magnetic circuits are widely used in Kibble balance experiments. In
these magnetic systems, the coil current, with positive and negative signs in two steps of the …

Mein herzlicher Dank gilt dem wissenschaftlichen Betreuer meiner Arbeit Herrn Univ.-Prof.
Dr.-Ing. habil. Thomas Fröhlich ohne dessen Unterstützung nicht die hervorragenden …