Autophagy is fundamental for cell and organismal health. Two types of autophagy are
conserved in eukaryotes: macroautophagy and microautophagy. During macroautophagy …

Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to recycle intracellular constituents, which
are essential for developmental and metabolic transitions; for efficient nutrient reuse; and for …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

The ESCRT proteins are an ancient system that buds membranes and severs membrane
necks from their inner face. Three “classical” functions of the ESCRT s have dominated …

As a result of climate changes, land use and agriculture have to adapt to new demands.
Agriculture is responsible for a large part of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that have …

Autophagy is an intracellular process that facilitates the bulk degradation of cytoplasmic
materials by the vacuole or lysosome in eukaryotes. This conserved process is achieved …

Endomembrane trafficking is essential for all eukaryotic cells. The best-characterized
membrane trafficking organelles include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus …

The endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, and mitochondria are major plant organelles for
protein synthesis, photosynthesis, metabolism, and energy production. Protein homeostasis …

Autophagy is a major cellular degradation pathway in eukaryotes. Recent studies have
revealed the importance of autophagy in many aspects of plant life, including seedling …

The unfolded protein response (UPR) and the heat shock response (HSR) are two
evolutionarily conserved systems that protect plants from heat stress. The UPR and HSR …