The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates
information from cortical and limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic …

Prefrontal cortical dysfunction is thought to underlie maladaptive behaviors displayed by
chronic drug users, most notably the high propensity for relapse that severely impedes …

Childhood and adolescent adversity are associated with a wide range of psychiatric
disorders, including an increased risk for substance abuse. Despite this, the mechanisms …

The capability of cocaine cues to generate craving in cocaine‐dependent humans, even
after extended abstinence, is modeled in rats using cue reinstatement of extinguished …

To test the hypothesis that drugs of abuse and their conditioned stimuli (CSs) enhance
memory consolidation, the effects of post-training exposure to cocaine and nicotine were …

Environmental enrichment (EE) introduced during abstinence from cocaine self-
administration is protective in reducing cue-elicited incentive motivation for cocaine in rats …

The transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is required for
stress-but not drug-induced reinstatement of cocaine conditioned place preference. To …

Drug addiction is a chronic brain disorder with the hallmark of a high rate of relapse to
compulsive drug seeking and drug taking even after long-term abstinence. Addiction has …

Addiction is characterized by maladaptive decision‐making, a loss of control over drug
consumption and habit‐like drug seeking despite adverse consequences. These cognitive …

Cues associated with cocaine can elicit craving and relapse. Attempts have been made to
employ extinction therapy, which is aimed at attenuating the incentive motivational effects of …