Agriculture and development transform forest ecosystems to human‐modified landscapes.
Decades of research in ecology have generated myriad concepts for the appropriate …

BACKGROUND Biodiversity is under siege, with greatly enhanced rates of local and global
extinction and the decline of once-abundant species. Current rates of human-induced …

An increasing number of international initiatives aim to reconcile development with
conservation. Crucial to successful implementation of these initiatives is a comprehensive …

Simultaneous environmental changes challenge biodiversity persistence and human
wellbeing. The science and practice of restoration ecology, in collaboration with other …

Conservation biologists are devoting an increasing amount of energy to debating whether
land sparing (high‐yielding agriculture on a small land footprint) or land sharing (low …

Pathogen spillover from wildlife to domestic animals and humans, and the reverse, has
caused significant epidemics and pandemics worldwide. Although pathogen emergence …

Seed dispersal by frugivores is a fundamental function for plant community dynamics in
fragmented landscapes, where forest remnants are typically embedded in a matrix of …

Increases in river fragmentation globally threaten freshwater biodiversity. Rivers are
fragmented by many agents, both natural and anthropogenic. We review the distribution and …

Biodiversity faces many threats and these can interact to produce outcomes that may not be
predicted by considering their effects in isolation. Habitat loss and fragmentation (hereafter …

Land-use change is a key driver of the global biodiversity crisis and a particularly serious
threat to tropical biodiversity. Throughout the tropics, the staggering pace of deforestation …